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React Design Patterns

Advanced React design patterns including compound components, render props, HOCs, context patterns, and performance optimization techniques

22 min read
reactdesign-patternscompound-componentsrender-propshoccontextperformancememoizationoptimization

Component Patterns

Advanced component composition patterns for flexible and reusable UI architecture

Compound Components

Build flexible components that work together while sharing state implicitly

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⚛️ Compound components provide flexible API with implicit state sharing
💡 Use React.Children.map and cloneElement to pass props to children
📌 Great for building accordions, tabs, and dropdown components
⚡ Consider using Context API for deeply nested compound components
✅ Provides better component composition than prop drilling

Render Props & HOCs

Share component logic using render props pattern and Higher-Order Components

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⚛️ Render props provide flexibility by inverting control to parent
💡 HOCs wrap components to add additional functionality
📌 Prefer hooks over HOCs in modern React for better composition
⚠️ HOCs can cause prop name collisions and wrapper hell
⚡ Render props avoid some HOC issues but can lead to callback hell

Custom Hooks Pattern

Extract component logic into reusable custom hooks for better code organization

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⚛️ Custom hooks encapsulate stateful logic for reuse
💡 Start hook names with "use" to follow React conventions
📌 Hooks can call other hooks, enabling composition
⚡ Extract complex logic from components into hooks
✅ Test custom hooks separately from components

State Management Patterns

Patterns for managing application state effectively across component trees

Context & State Patterns

Manage global state and avoid prop drilling with Context API patterns

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⚛️ Context provides dependency injection for React components
💡 Split contexts by domain to avoid unnecessary re-renders
📌 Combine Context with useReducer for complex state logic
⚠️ Context is not a replacement for all state management
⚡ Use memo and useMemo to optimize context consumer re-renders

Server Components Pattern

Leverage React Server Components for improved performance and DX

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⚛️ Server Components run on server, ship zero JS to client
💡 Use "use client" directive for interactive components
📌 Server Components can directly access backend resources
⚡ Automatic code splitting between server and client
✅ Smaller bundles and improved initial page load

Performance Patterns

Optimization techniques to improve React application performance

Memoization & Optimization

Optimize rendering performance with memoization and React optimization APIs

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⚛️ React.memo prevents re-renders when props haven't changed
💡 useMemo caches expensive computations between renders
📌 useCallback prevents function recreation on every render
⚠️ Premature optimization can make code harder to maintain
⚡ Profile first, optimize second - measure performance impact

Error Boundaries & Suspense

Handle errors gracefully and manage loading states with Suspense

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⚛️ Error boundaries catch JavaScript errors in component tree
💡 Suspense handles async loading states declaratively
📌 Error boundaries must be class components (no hooks version)
⚠️ Error boundaries don't catch errors in event handlers
⚡ Combine Suspense with lazy loading for code splitting